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Is the belief in God rational? Essay

â€Å"The fool hath said in his heart, There is no God† (Psalm 14:1, KJV ) â€Å" He that believeth on me, as the sacred writing hath stated, out of his tummy will stream waterways of living water† (John 7:38, KJV) according to Holy Bible, before all else, when there was no structure, God had labored for six days in making paradise and earth, â€Å"God saw everything that he had made, and see, it was very good† (Genesis 1:31 KJV). On seventh day, God finished his work and took rest. The very presence of earth, sun, moon, sky and stars are the similarities of God’s work which are working without the intercession of human science which creates a reality there is a heavenly quality of soul past the acknowledgment of human information and comprehension. Tolerating the way that who put stock in God is a theist and a non-devotee is a nonbeliever, each must have own defense of epistemic convictions or non-convictions on God with strong contentions, independent of religion whether it is Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam or Christianity. Theists are basic devotees on God and agnostics make logical determinations and clarifications that God is pointless. Buddhism and Hinduism have a novel personality in clarifying about secularism and furthermore about the sanity about confidence in God thus additionally the religion of Islam. Christianity as a religion, proliferates Jesus Christ as God with a solid proof of void tomb and furthermore taking the proof of wonders performed and lessons cited in four accounts of New Testament. As per Apostle Paul Jesus was â€Å" proclaimed the child of God with power by the restoration from the dead†. (Romans 1:4). The above finishes up an assessment that God is a preeminent being who is transcendent and ubiquitous, maker and leader of the entire universe for Christianity sacred writings are the evidence of God. Conviction or non-conviction on God depends on an individual beneficial encounters and the association with inward soul and God. A view at Old Testament of Holy Bible uncovers a portion of the realities that God communicated with Adam, Eve, Abraham, Isaac and Jacob. Moses was told by God to separate the red ocean and to lead the Israel out of servitude from Pharaoh. The reasonability behind the abovementioned, produces a solid proof that the nearness of God consistently encompasses the earth and this otherworldly power controls the whole universe. This is a reality for the individuals who accept and who tune in to the voice of God. As per the Holy Bible, the seed of incredulity on the presence of God is in all honesty malicious power which changes the human personalities who lose control into material realities of the world and become the reason for self-fall. End Belief on God is acceptable and is judicious, as it is expressed in Psalms â€Å"The dread of the Lord is the start of wisdom†. Human information, improvement and insight are the blessings of God who is an epitome of graciousness, leniency and astuteness. On the off chance that King Solomon requested intelligence to lead realm, Moses requested precision in discourse to speak with individuals, each as indicated by the needs and wants, were offered blessings by God. This was made conceivable just by God and for adherents the historical backdrop of past wonders of God is the sacred goal to convey and proceed onward. Reference Gregory Kouki (2001), It is objective to put stock in God? Gotten to on 21 February, 2007

Do You Know Where to Start Writing Your Research Paper?

Do You Know Where to Start Writing Your Research Paper?I recently took a look at some resources online that would help me write my research project. I had just finished writing my dissertation and was very worried about how much detail was left out of it.As I was writing the dissertation, I found that my data was getting very specific. I was so careful to ensure that I actually had all the data that I could in order to make my conclusions. That is not the case when I am writing my research project. My focus is simply on writing, not so much data gathering as collecting the information, producing my final piece of writing, but also putting the right pieces together.Researching is a great place to start thinking about the information you are going to put in your written work. How do you think you should structure it? Should it be part of a thesis, a body of work, or something else? You need to think about what material you really need in order to get the most of your written work.When you are starting out on your research project, it is important to think about how much data you will collect. Do you know the exact number of people or clients you are working with? How many manuscripts or reports do you have in progress? When you first begin writing, you may find that you need to write your research paper a little bit smaller than usual.The final analysis will probably be quite lengthy. You can take some time to think about how to structure the presentation of your findings. If you need a guide to help you write your research paper, you can find some free materials online, or you can even use handouts that are available for free from the library.You can find many free things online that can help you with writing your research paper. You can use Google or Yahoo! Answers to ask the question 'write my research project.' A lot of them will tell you to go to a website that offers support.I know that there are many reasons why you might be wanting to research before you start writing your research paper, but it is also one of the best ways to learn about the process, about how to organize your own work, and about how you can help others. This is a good way to bring people together and to give them a sense of accomplishment and success.Your research project is going to require you to think about which information you are going to collect, and how you are going to arrange it. This is why writing research papers is one of the best ways to learn about your field.

The Top 2015 Best Companies For Multicultural Women

Recently the Working Mother Magazine published in their June edition the â€Å"Top 2015 Best Companies for Multicultural Women.† This event is done with the in conjunction participation with the National Association of Females Executives (NAFE).Their goal is to identify the best companies in corporate America that recognize, promote and use the best practices in employing, retaining and promoting women of color and minorities. Every organization that participates in this event is judged in the following categories and is also required to employ five hundred U.S. employees (NAFE). o Representation o Hiring, Attrition and Promotions o Recruitment, Retention and Advancement Program o Company Culture After conducting extensive research and†¦show more content†¦William Procter and James Gamble, a candle maker and soap maker, both from the United Kingdom, were the founding fathers of the company back in 1837. Their line of products was limited to candles and soap, never the less the company sales between 1859 and 1889 was well over one million dollars (www. PG.com). The PG Company view the opportunity to expand their horizon and introduce new product to the market. By 1880 they had more than 30 types of soap, including Ivory, the soap that was able to float on water. The company was doing so well that their owner decided to create a profit sharing plan for their employees, in addition to their salaries and bonuses. The business increased and the employee’s satisfaction was so good, that the company was able to expand and open new locations within the United States and follow later on with the opening of a new location in Ontario, Canada. Today the company is a multinational manufacturer and distributer of consumer products all over the world, reaching out to one hundred and eight countries worldwide, including America, Europe, the Middle East and Africa (Payau, 2014). The company was built based on innovation as it is today with technological advances, which is one of the core business fundamentals. Research labs were created back in 1880 and by 1924; it was the first company to conduct a data- base market research

Airport Privatization Essay - 863 Words

Airports are key enhancers of commerce and trade; they generate massive transportation and key economic benefits (Vasigh, 2007). Privatization of airports relates to transfer of ownership of airport from public ownership sector to private ownership (Jobs Consultancy, 2007). Privatization process aims at increasing of efficiency, competitiveness and viable financing of airports. Considerations on whether to privatize an airport are made by governments and the decision has a long-term impact that follows (Jobs Consultancy, 2007). A complete and thorough review of the decision is made for a government to come up with a decision whether to privatize an airport or not. The complete review is necessary to ensure the decision is viable†¦show more content†¦United Kingdom has been privatizing its airports either fully or partially depending on the agreement made. British Airport Authority operates its own airports and its prices are regulated by the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) to gether with the government and the competition commission. The CAA also regulates all the aspects of both security and safety. British Airways Authorities owns and operates all its airports and it is responsible for all the activities of airline services. In the UK, the government of Mrs. Thatcher decided to transfer ownership of airports to the private sector, whereby British Airports Authority (BBA), United Kingdom’s main airport provider, was privatized through issuing a public share to the interested parties in 1987. The airports privatized included London Heathrow together with London Gatwick (Adam Smith Institute, 2002). Apart from the privatization of BBA in the United Kingdom, smaller and minor airports that were operated and owned by the government authorities are also being sold to private owners and operators. These smaller airports include Birmingham International, Luton, East Midlands and Bristol. United Kingdom has continued privatizing its airports since 1987 since its government feels that it has no good reason for either owning or operating an airport. However, there has been a world-wide trend where airports are viewed as national prestige symbols in some countries (Adam Smith Institute, 2002). The government decided toShow MoreRelatedPrivatization of Airports750 Words   |  3 PagesPRIVATIZATION OF AIRPORTS Conceptual Understanding of the term ‘Privatization’ ‘Privatization’ is a generally a process through which the ownership and control of a government entity is transferred to a private entity. The transfer can be either in whole or partial. Different connotations of the term ‘privatization’ as enumerated in various articles and journals are as follows : 1. Movement of an entity from the federal government to a local or quasi-governmental agency where a private sectorRead MoreAirport Privatization 21980 Words   |  8 PagesAirport Privatization: Introduction: Airport plays a key role of air transport; it has a big impact on development of economics in a country. Freight passengers and cargo to any part of the world and it allows aircraft to land and take off. An airport has to have a proper infrastructure, which consists of runaways, taxiways, apron, terminal for arrival and departure of passengers, terminal for freight and ground interchange. It should have a wide range of facilities; lounge for passengers, shopsRead MoreBenefits Of Airline And Airport Privatization1971 Words   |  8 Pagesturbulence and uncertainty in this increasingly low margin market. Although separate entities, airlines and airports are interdependent and could not operate without the other. A major consequence of deregulation is airline concentration and strong economic drivers are pushing towards even further concentration and consolidation (Doganis, 2006). UK airport regulation was reformed with airport privatisation, enabling a long term focus to meet international demand and to maintain a customer focused businessRead MorePrivatization, Commercialization and Deregulation of Airports1795 Words   |  8 PagesTOPIC: Privatization, commercialization and deregulation of airports – incentives for airport to compete and maximize profits. Increasing importance of airport concession revenue – affects performance of different airport regulations, and leads to evolving vertical relationships. As competition in the airline market intensifies, airport-airline relationship becomes increasingly important. Discuss the impacts of airports on airline competition – focus on airport performance and airline-airport relationshipRead MorePrivatization Of Public Service Privatization1039 Words   |  5 PagesBecause governments found that they can not afford their varying brands of socialism in most of countries, privatization has been popular in the last decades. Public service privatization is the progress to transfer the public service, which is owned by governments, to the private firms whatever it is a profit or non-profit firms. As concerned, privatization can provide a lower price to public and more efficient services from privatised companies. However, it will also create some problems such asRead MoreBuilding A Project For Public Welfare2166 Words   |  9 Pagespartnerships. Typically, the PPP can be referred neither a privatization not a partial privatization. Privatization has usually been defined as a course of shifting the ownership, functioning or management of a service or action wholly or partly, from the government to the private sector. The key difference between the PPP and privatization is that the responsibility for delivery and backing a particular activity lies with the private sector in privatization. The PPP, on the other hand, involves full retentionRead MoreAirline Industry1221 Words   |  5 Pagesprofit of $9 billion in 2011. After the recent credit crunch, economies are now coming back to normal, business travel is increasing and investments in the airlines are now rising. Political/Legal influences Privatization Over the years airlines have undergone large-scale privatization; previously a significant portion of airlines industry was government-owned. Privatizing the industry has led to drastic increase in the number of air service providers and the airline travellers. Legal provision Read More Airline Deregulation Essay1046 Words   |  5 Pagesand routes. But various municipalities still retain ownership over airports. Given the massive improvements in the airlines since dergulation, why not apply this same thinking to airport ownership? The results should only be more of the same: better service, cheaper prices, and more market freedom. But the legislation winding its way through the legislative maze that is Congress does anything but move towards increased privatization. S. 1331, sponsored by Senator John McCain (R-AZ), would make itRead MoreAirline Deregulation1054 Words   |  5 Pagesroutes. But various municipalities still retain ownership over airports. Given the massive improvements in the airlines since dergulation, why not apply this same thinking to airport ownership? The results should only be more of the same: better service, cheaper prices, and more market freedom. But the legislation winding its way through the legislative maze that is Congress does anything but move towards increased privatization. S. 1331, sponsored by Senator John McCain (R-AZ), would make itRead MoreTransportation Service Administration and Aviation1387 Words   |  6 Pagessecurity acts and the creation of TSA, what does that mean? Prior to November, 2001, airport security was contracted by either the airport or the airlines to the private sector. The Aviation and Transportation Security Act required all airport security personnel be employed by the federal government. (Rahn, 2001) Was it necessary for the federal government to federalize airport security? The debate for privatization suggests that the functions of entire bureaucracies should be contracted out to private

Background And Significant Achievements Of Cartimandua Free Sample

Question: Describe the background and significant achievements of Cartimandua. Answer: Background of Cartimandua In 1st century Cartimandua was the queen of Brigantes, She was the first queen of Britain. She was born in 1st century and died after AD 69. When Romanians were controlling Britain, at that time Cartimandua came into power and took the charge as the First queen of Britain. Brigantes was the place where most number of Celtic people lived, in present time this place is known as Northern England. There are very few evidences present about the existence of Cartimandua in British history. A Roman author name Tacitus, he was the first person who brought Cartimandua through his writings. She started ruling the Brigantes when Roman emperor Claudius started controlling Britain. The Roman emperor Claudius surrendered Britain in front of Cartimandua without a fight. (Tacitus). Cartimandua married Venutius; he was the 1st century king of Brigantes. Cartimandua and her husband both were loyal to Rome. In some cases the Romanian arm forces also defended them. After defeating the Roman emperor Claudius, Cartimandua earned lots of wealth and gained power but few years later she divorced her husband Venutius and married to Vellocatus, who was a servant who carried weapons in Brigantes empowerment in 1st century. If we talk about the personal relationships there was a negative side of Cartimandua because during the time of her empowerment she made her brother and other relatives hostage. After divorcing her first husband Venutius, she declared war against him .During that period the Romanian soldiers helped Cartimandua, with the support of Roman forces she won the war again. Cartimandua was not fortunate all the time. After few years of war her first husband again attacked her empowerment and she asked for help from the Romanian but that time Romanians were not a ble to provide her with arms and she was defeated by Venutius and lost the kingdom. After that war she disappeared and was never found. (Keegan 2004) Significant achievements of Cartimandua There are specific names came when we discuss about female rulers of Britain and Cartimandua is one of them. If you ask British about Cartimandua almost 80% of them are not aware about her, though she was not familiar to everyone but her achievements are noteworthy. Her first significant achievement was that she was the first queen of Britain and it was the first time the Britain empowerment was ruled by a lady. When she entered the British empowerment the Romanian king Claudius surrendered himself in front of her without a war. Another achievement is that she was very loyal to everyone and gained attention, she was also known for good utilization of manpower and resources. Not only this but also Romanians took her help in many battles and she was the key to victory of those wars. She made Britain independent at that time from the Romans. She was very skillful; her people got independence without losing their lives and property. (Howarth 2010) She was a freedom fighter. Yes! In her time she was compared with many other freedom fighters like Caratacus, Venutius, and Boudica. She was also considered as a strong and influencing leader. When Venutius and Cartimandua fought each other in AD 57 it resulted in a civil war and yet she managed to keep her throne. Another achievement is that she was well known for ruling the largest tribe community in Britain. (Keegan 2004) References ancient-origins.net 2015, Mighty Cartimandua, Queen of the Brigantes Tribe and Friend to Rome, viewed 14 July 2016, romanroads.org 2015, Roman Roads in Lancashire- Historical Background, viewed 14 July 2016, historyfiles.co.uk 2016, Celtic Kingdoms of the British Isles, viewed 14 July 2016.

Robert Frost`s Road Not Taken Essays - Poetry, Literature

Robert Frost`s "Road Not Taken" Robert Frost's "The Road Not Taken" shows the uncertainty as to which road of life a person should choose. It raises the evident question of whether it is better to choose a road in which many travel, or to choose the road less traveled and explore it yourself. In this poem the speakers tone, diction , and setting help to illustrate the struggle a person goes through in their lives to pick the right road to travel. In the first verse of the first stanza, Frost says "Two roads diverged in a yellow wood," which is seemingly a very important part of the poem. This line is a metaphor in which Frost uses the woods to represent life. Using this as an image helps to have a better understanding of the complexity of the problem that the speaker is facing. If you were standing at the edge of some woods you would not be able to clearly see what was ahead of you, because it would be obstructed by trees and branches. Life is like those woods because no one can clearly see or predict what will happen in the future, only hope to choose a path that will lead you to good fortune and happiness. Another interesting part of this verse is how he describes the woods as yellow. A word that strongly helps out the imagery, helps to describe the uncertainty of the speaker, and implies that he may be scared to even choose a path. Evidently he does not want to decide upon the wrong road and mess up the rest of his life. I believe that as he stands before these two roads he is really confused and scared as to which road to pick. All he can do is look as far down each road as possible, and hope that he decides upon the right one. This is exactly what he does when he looks down the first road, at the end of the first stanza. The second stanza starts off with the speaker talking about the other path, and how he looked just as hard, just as long, and just as fair on this path as he did the first. Meaning that he took exactly every step analyzing this road as he did the other. It is about this time when I first notice a change in the speakers tone. It becomes a little more confident, not much, but definitely less confused and scared than he was earlier. The first glimpse of this change in tone is in the eighth verse where he says, "because it{the second road} was grassy and wanted wear." It also shows that the speaker may not want to be like everybody else, a follower, but instead choose a different road and be himself, a leader. This verse also says that the road wanted wear, like he was drawn to path not just out of his own desire to be different, but maybe out of some pity. That pity being that the road is traveled less not because it is not appealing, but that people are to afraid to be different. Verse 12 is interesting when the speaker says that, "In leaves no step had trodden black," which I take to mean that the few people who did choose to take the road less traveled did not come across any difficulties or obstacles. He then goes on to say that , "Oh, I kept the first for another day," as to say that it took him a long time to make his decision. Actually it may have been months or even years before the speaker chose a road. He knew that the decision he made would determine the outcome of his life, and that he would have to be devoted to the road he chose. Once he made his decision he would probably never be able to turn back. Again in the third stanza, the speakers tone seems to change. This time his tone seems to be filled with confidence, and the confused and scared tone is gone. I believe this confidence is shown in verse eighteen, when the speaker repeats the first verse, except he leaves out the word yellow. I think he purposely left out the word yellow to show that he had gained confidence, and that he was no longer scared. I also believe that the word yellow was used to show the lapse of time between when he was first faced with the

Love canal essays

Love canal essays The film Great Lakes Bitter Legacy made a lasting impression on myself. And is making a larger impact on the wildlife and communities surrounding the Great Lakes. I never understood what devastating results could be generated from chemical dumping. Pollutants like plant fertilizers, PCBs, DDTs, and POPs were dumped with complete disregard to the environment. Shocking evidence was found that fish, birds, humans, and other wildlife have been affected. In my opinion all effects must be taken seriously. Topics that really caught my attention are the effects on the bald eagles, lake trout, and humans. Wildlife on the lakes is the most vulnerable to these contaminates. With these pollutions it effects about all wildlife in the area in some way or another. The Bald Eagle, for instance, has found to be very scarce surround the area. Experts predict the life of the eagle was dramatically lowered, almost cut in half. The eagles were found to have as much as nine times higher concentration of toxicants in their blood stream compared to eagles living more inland. Even more directly affected in the Great Lakes are lake trout. Sediments in the lake were found to contain high levels of PCBs. The effects of these pollutants shocked me. The majority of young trout do not even have a chance to survive. PCB levels were so high that the trout were not able to surface to the top. Trout were born only to die shortly after, not having a chance to fill their swim gland with oxygen. Lake contaminates have also taken a toll on humans. Most affected are women of childbearing age, infants, and children under the age of 15 who have consumed Great Lakes fish. An advisory stated that fish over twenty-five pounds should not be eaten. Experiments, which included rats and infants, were conducted and results were compelling. The rats showed signs of extreme stress and so did their offspring. The children we ...

Ocean Acidification Definition

Ocean Acidification Definition The oceans have reduced the effects of global warming for thousands of years by absorbing carbon dioxide. Now the basic chemistry of the oceans is changing because of our activities, with devastating consequences for marine life. What Causes Ocean Acidification? Its no secret that global warming is a major issue. A main cause of global warming is our release of carbon dioxide, primarily through the burning of fossil fuels and the burning of vegetation. Over time, the oceans have helped this problem by absorbing excess carbon dioxide. According to NOAA, the oceans have absorbed nearly half of the fossil fuel emissions weve generated over the past 200 years. As the carbon dioxide is absorbed, it reacts with the ocean water to form carbonic acid. This process is called ocean acidification. Over time, this acid causes the pH of the oceans to decrease, making ocean water more acidic. This can have drastic consequences on corals and other marine life, with cascading impacts on the fishing and tourism industries. More About pH and Ocean Acidification The term pH is a measure of acidity. If youve ever had an aquarium, you know that pH is important, and pH needs to be adjusted to optimal levels for your fish to thrive. The ocean has an optimal pH, too. As the ocean becomes more acidic, it becomes more difficult for corals and organisms to build skeletons and shells using calcium carbonate. In addition, the process of acidosis, or buildup of carbonic acid in body fluids, may affect fish and other marine life by compromising their ability to reproduce, breathe and fight diseases. How Bad is the Ocean Acidification Problem? On a pH scale, 7 is neutral, with 0 the most acidic and 14 the most basic. The historical pH of sea water is about 8.16, leaning on the basic side of the scale.The pH of our oceans has fallen to 8.05 since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution. While this may not seem like a big deal, this is a change greater in magnitude than any time in the 650,000 years before the Industrial Revolution. The pH scale is also logarithmic, so that slight change in pH results in a 30 percent increase in acidity. Another problem is that once the oceans get their fill of carbon dioxide, scientists think the oceans could become a carbon dioxide source, rather than a sink. This means the ocean will contribute to the global warming problem by adding more carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. Effects of Ocean Acidification on Marine Life The effects of ocean acidification can be dramatic and far-reaching, and will affect animals such as fish, shellfish, corals, and plankton. Animals such as clams, oysters, scallops, urchins and corals that rely on calcium carbonate to build shells will have a difficult time building them, and protecting themselves as the shells will be weaker. In addition to having weaker shells, mussels will also have a reduced ability to grip  as the increased acid weakens their byssal threads. Fish will also need to adapt to the changing pH and work harder to remove acid out of its blood, which can impact other behaviors, such as reproduction, growth and food digestion. On the other hand, some animals such as lobsters and crabs may adapt well as their shells become stronger in more acidic water. Many of the possible effects of ocean acidification are unknown or still being studied. What Can We Do About Ocean Acidification? Lowering our emissions will help the ocean acidification problem, even if that just slows the impacts long enough to give species time to adapt. Read the Top 10 Things You Can Do to Reduce Global Warming for ideas on how you can help. Scientists have acted swiftly on this issue. The response has included the Monaco Declaration,  in which 155 scientists from 26 countries declared in January 2009 that: Ocean acidification is accelerating and severe damages are imminent;Ocean acidification will have broad socioeconomic impacts, affecting marine food webs, causing substantial changes in commercial fish stocks and threatening food security for millions of people;Ocean acidification is rapid, but recovery is slow;Ocean acidification can be controlled only by limiting future atmospheric carbon dioxide levels. The scientists called for intense efforts to research the problem, evaluate its impacts and cut emissions drastically to help curb the problem. Sources: Fabry, V.J., Seibel, B.A., Feely, R.A. and J.C. Orr. 2008. . Impacts of ocean acidification on marine fauna and ecosystem processes. ICES Journalof Marine Science, 65: 414–432.Feely, R.A., Sabine, C.L, and V.J. Fabry. 2006. Carbon Dioxide and Our Ocean Legacy. (Online) NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory Science Brief. Accessed March 7, 2009.McAuliffe, K. 2008. Ocean Acidification: A Global Case of Osteoporosis. (Online) Discover. Accessed March 7, 2009.Monaco Declaration. 2008. Monaco Declaration on Oceans. Accessed July 21, 2015.Smithsonian Ocean Portal. Ocean Acidification.  Accessed July 21, 2015.

How does stress affect the characters' s in The Descendants by Kaui Essay

How does stress affect the characters' s in The Descendants by Kaui Hart Hemmings in a few ways - Essay Example Causes of stress are not universal to everyone. What stresses one may not stress another (Kopolow 17). Therefore, stress can be defined as responding to body demands that are not specific. The basic way to respond to stress involves three stages, which includes sensitization, resistance, and lastly exhaustion. To apply this it takes self effort to manage stress. This can be done through physical practices to ease your nerves and release pressure through exercise like running. It can also be done by sharing with friends, understanding your limits, taking good care of yourself, setting aside time just to have fun as it is important as doing work, participating in various activities to avoid boredom, assigning tasks to avoid being overworked, accepting correction, and sometimes crying if it is necessary to release your stress (Hemmings 45). The effect of stress have been demonstrated in the novel The Descendants through the various characters in the book. This is clear in the main chara cter of the book, Matt, who is majorly faced by family stress. From the book, it is evident that stress has had adverse effects to most of characters including Matt himself, however, in the end it turns out to transform Matt into a likable character (Kopolow 17). The Descendants is a book that talks of a story in the palace. Matt King a land owner in Hawaii from the royalty of Hawaii. He faces stress from the accident of her wife in a boat race and later on he realizes that her wife, Joanie, has been having extramarital affairs with Brian in the process of providing a chance for friends to bid Joanie goodbye. Joanie had been responsible of the kids and after her demise, Matt is faced with the challenge of handling his children, Alex and Scottie, as a single father. The two daughters are sturbon in their own way, one is a drug addict and the other a sturbon girl that displays unpleasant messages to her friends. Despite all this causes of stress to Matt, he still manages to be dillige nt with his business and career, as well as managing and rebuilding his family. The story starts with stressing events that touch most of the characters. However, towards the end, the story manages to have a happy ending as we see the family of Matt uniting together especially after the death of Joanie, the wife to Matt and the mother to Alex and Scottie. Kaui Hemmings begins the book by introducing Matt king who narrates the entire story. He is in a hospital where his wife, Joanie, lies in a coma. She is described to be once enthusiastic, and ecstasy-seeking is in a coma at the hospital after an accident in a boat race accident. This is one of the causes of stress to Matt as it gives him worry about the health of his wife (Hemmings 45). Matt is also faced from other stresses arising from his family. Another cause of stress to Matt is his discovering that his wife had extra-marital affairs outside their wedlock. He learns that his wife was not faithful to their marriage. This makes him seek to find out the details of the mysterious lover of his wife. He seeks a solution to this family stress by sharing it with his friends as he look for the man he believes his wife loved. He does this to give the lover to his wife a chance to bid farewell to Joanie because Matt believes she will die soon. Matt is also faced with another family stress of dealing with his daughters after Joanie is dead. He poses, â€Å"Once I think I know the pattern with these girls -- fun, intimacy, fight,

Critically evaluate feminist arguments against the present system of Essay

Critically evaluate feminist arguments against the present system of science - Essay Example The movement also argued that science, besides perpetuating inequalities between sexes, is excessively focused on rational positivism, specifically on matters of objectivity, exactness, and certainty that seemed in conflict with feminism’s political ideals (Potter, 2006), and specifically with the development of a feminist science that focuses on women’s interests. Feminist Critiques of Science Feminist discourses are stuffed with cases of gender inequalities, especially in the field of science. Since the 1960s, feminist critique of science have shifted from discourses that explained the likelihood of reforming the existing system of science to demands for a total reconstruction of the core bedrock of culture and science (Wyer, 2009). Radical feminism argues that the politics, ethics, metaphysics, and epistemologies of the prevailing system of science are male-biased and interdependent; that in spite of the profoundly embedded Western cultural faith in the inherent obje ctivity or liberalism of science, science nowadays caters mostly to reactionary or backward social inclinations; and that science’s methods of creating and explaining meanings, its approaches to the process of research problem identification and experimental designs, its instruments and applications, and its social structure are not just androcentric but also culturally intimidating, rigidly hierarchical, and racially prejudiced (Outhwaite & Turner, 2007). As explained by Mayberry (2001), in their explorations of how the formation of gender identity, the gender-based differentiation of labour, and gender representation have shaped the historical development and principles of science, feminist scholars have questioned and debunked the social and intellectual system at their core. Feminists have commonly viewed practitioners of science as conspiring, unknowingly or intentionally, in the creation and perpetuation of cultural and social stereotypes about the two sexes. A good exa mple is sociobiology, the field that associated animal behaviour with human behavioural patterns. Sociobiologists generally believe that the environment has a negligible contribution to human development. They have attributed the greatest role to the genes. A well-known sociobiologist, E.O. Wilson argued that, â€Å"It pays males to be aggressive, hasty, fickle, and undiscriminating. In theory it is more profitable for females to be coy, to hold back until they can identify males with the best genes... Human beings obey this biological principle faithfully† (Wyer, 2008, 188). Because of such male-biased statements, feminists have fervently condemned the efforts of sociobiologists to validate and reinforce inequalities between the human sexes. Sociobiology promotes the idea that females are selective and favour monogamous relationships because these traits guarantee the reproduction of their genes. On the other hand, males are naturally promiscuous and prefer polygamous relati onships to guarantee the transmission of their genes (Wyer, 2008, 188). Hilary Rose and Nancy Hartsock support and explained the value of a feminist standpoint perspective, and the importance of developing a form of science that gives consideration to women and women’s worldview and knowledge. These feminist arguments against science blended with an array of other perspectives against positivism, or rigid objectivity and certainty, as the epistemological

Why the Brother in The Scarlet Ibis is Selfish :: James Hurst

Some people are selfish in such a way that affects only their own selves, but others’ selfishness can hurt those they care about. One of these such people is Brother in â€Å"The Scarlet Ibis†. In James Hurst’s â€Å"The Scarlet Ibis†, Brother is selfish and only teaches Doodle to walk to benefit himself. Brother is too engulfed in his selfish desire for a ‘better’ brother that he does not give Doodle a chance to rest. â€Å"I made him swim until he turned blue, and row until he couldn’t lift an oar.† This excerpt shows the reader how ruthless Brother is in the training he has set up for Doodle. Brother appears to care more about him being capable of doing these ‘fun’ things than his brother having fun doing them does. â€Å"Success lay at the end of the summer like a pot of gold† When Brother says this, he relays how he is greedy for a better brother and will do anything to get what he wants. Brother is selfish because he is not concerned about how the rigorous training is negatively affecting Doodle. â€Å"†¦ Doodle began to look feverish, and Mama felt his forehead. At night he didn't sleep well, and sometimes he had nightmares, and I touched him and said, "Wake up, Doodle. Wake up.† Even though Brother is lucid of the fact that the training is making Doodle unwell, he continues to press Doodle to train harder. Every day, Brother makes Doodle train, even if he does not wish to. Brother is someone that Doodle always looks up to. Brother uses this to persuade Doodle that he must not be different. In conclusion, Brother shows his self-interest in how he treats his younger brother. He treats his younger brother, Doodle, as something to ‘fix’ and he cannot accept his brother as he is. When Doodle finally learns to walk, Brother’s selfish need for a more ‘ideal’ little brother is not satisfied for long. Soon he demands a little brother who can run, jump, climb, swim, swing on vines, and row a boat. When he gives Doodle lessons for these activities, he does not do so for concern about Doodle wanting to be able to do them, but because he wants Doodle to be able to be a ‘normal’ brother.

Estonian Air †Final Essay

Estonian Air is a regional airline carrier headquartered in Estonia in the Baltic region of Europe. The airline’s hub of operations is located in Estonia’s capital city of Tallinn at Tallinn Airport. This airport is the largest in the country. With the state government of Estonia owning a large equity percentage of the airline, Estonian Air is the national airline of the Country of Estonia. The Company currently operates a fleet of four aircraft providing flights to sixteen destinations throughout Europe. Within the airline industry, Estonian Air is classified as a regional carrier. Regional carriers have historically pursued business strategies of specializing on short-haul flights within a limited geographic region. Up until the early 2000’s, regional carriers’ competitive advantages were based on their ability to provide geographically focused route services to smaller, underserved markets where larger airlines had limited exposure. These types of regional carriers were historically able to charge higher ticket prices and were able to avoid price competition. Over the past decade, competition within the European airline industry has increased dramatically. This increase is the direct result of two major factors. The first contributing factor has been the deregulation of the airline industry due to the economic integration resulting from the formation of the European Union. The second factor is the emergence of a new type of business strategy being implemented by several airlines. These airlines are known as Low-Cost Carriers (â€Å"LCCs†). They focus on providing low-cost flights to their customers. This is accomplished, by (i) simplifying fleet designs (to reduce training and maintenance costs), (ii) providing one type of class seating and no other services (i.e. meals), (iii) providing direct point-to-point service, (iv) focusing on shorter routes, and (v) employing non-union workers to lower labor costs. The combination of deregulation and proliferation of LCCs, has directly affected smaller regional carriers who now face greater competition. Although many of these regional airlines are smaller and do not have the economies of scale to compete with the larger airline companies, many have adopted strategies of expanding their fleets and increasing the number of routes they service. While competition has been steady increasing, the economy and business of Estonian Air has experienced quality growth over the past several years. On the contrary, fuel prices have increased 32% over the past three years resulting in higher operating costs and decreasing overall profit. This was illustrated in 2006 when Estonian Air increased its overall number of operating flights and experienced a 12% increase in gross revenue. This resulted in escalating operating costs, most notably fuel costs, which triggered a net loss in 2006 of US$ 5 Million. With the uncertainty of the future economy in mind, Estonian Air must make key decisions to ensure the company will retain positive strategic direction and continue to experience financial growth. The Company’s internal analysis indicates the market will continue to grow 10% – 15% per year for the next several years. In attempts to take advantage of the predicted market increase, Estonian Air is in consideration of expanding its fleet and adding several destinations. This alteration would aid in getting ahead of competition, managing higher fuel costs, and creating economies of scale. While many of these decisions have yet to be answered, management has narrowed its choice of aircraft, if they proceed with expansion. The current options include the Boeing 737 Jet, the Bombardier Q400 Turboprop, and the Saab 340A. The Vice President of Operations, Rait Kalda and the Vice President of Finance, Andrus Aljas, are currently preparing a working financial model and a total cost of ownership (TCO) analysis to break down the different options listed above. These examinations will be presented to the Board of Directors during their next meeting. Mr. Aljas has informed Mr. Kalda of the underlying problem that the Board of Directors is divided on the growth projections for the airline. There are several members who believe the growth projections in the internal analysis are too high and that there may be certain economic headwinds nearby. If these projections are accurate, it would mean an overall economic recession. Expanding the fleet at the time of a major economic contraction could have decidedly negative consequences for Estonian Air. As such, this decision is of extreme importance to the company and will require elite deliberation. Scope of Work ART Consulting Group has been retained by Estonian Air to assist in the decision making process related to the possibility of the company’s fleet expansion. Our main focus will be assisting Mr. Aljas and Mr. Kalda in the formulation of decision-making model, as well as providing recommendations on facilitating healthy discussion leading to the adoption of an effective decision. Mr. Aljas affirmed that due to different opinions amongst the Board members, the management team should strive to ensure that judgment errors, bias ideas, and negative group dynamics do not negatively affect Estonian Air’s ability to make the best decision possible. In addition, the growing uncertainty of both internal and external variables should remain in the company’s consideration. Because of the request by Estonian Air’s management, we will briefly touch on TCO analysis, but primarily focus on decision-making. Strategy & SWOT Analysis Overview In order to better facilitate discussion about the internal and external environment facing Estonian Air, we have provided a brief SWOT analysis. This model provides an overview of the company’s leverages, constraints, vulnerabilities, and problems. Estonian Air’s key strategic goal, as stated in their annual report, is to â€Å"ensure sustainable and profitable growth through target markets, customer satisfaction, fleet renewal, and employee development.† -Estonian Air Annual Report Strengths * Recent Year’s Positive Results * Meeting Industry Standards * Enviable on-time record * Backing of Estonia Government * Lower Borrowing Costs| Weaknesses * Small Fleet * Increasing technical problems and O&M Costs leading to unscheduled downtime * Weakened Balance Sheet * No Economies of Scale| Opportunities * Internal Analysis indicates 10-15% Growth * New Routes| Threats * Economic Downturn * Rising Fuel Costs * Exchange Rate Volatility * Growing Competition| Based on the above analysis, it is clear why Estonian Air is ready to â€Å"implement a growth strategy and invest in the development of its fleet.† Given the opportunity to grow their market, challenged with their small fleet and increasing difficulty of sustaining the maintenance and technical issues of their older planes, it would seem obvious that fleet expansion would be a logical choice. Expanding the fleet would (i) decrease O&M expense, (ii) decrease fuel costs (by obtaining more fuel-efficient planes), (iii) increase economies of scale, and finally (iv) allow the company to expand its route offerings and compete more effectively against the company’s growing competition. In order to quantify a course of action, Mr. Aljas and Mr. Kalda are formulating a Total Cost of Ownership Model, as well as a detailed financial model to assist in deciding how best to proceed. With this said, we have identified several problem areas that should be addressed. Problem Identification The following section outlines the identification of the core problems facing the managers of Estonian Air with regards to this strategic decision. Key Decision with High Risk & Uncertainty The decision to expand the fleet or not to expand the fleet is extremely important. If the company expands and the growth projections are exaggerated, the result could have a seriously negative consequence on the company’s balance sheet. However, postponing expansion could allow competitors a first mover advantage into particular markets and result in increasing opportunity costs to Estonian Air. Two types of decisions that managers face are programmed and nonprogrammed decisions. Programmed decisions are those that are routine and simple. These do not take much contemplation and can be resolved by implementing a new policy. Nonprogrammed decisions, however, are those that are new, complex, and are not routine. The decision facing Estonian Air is observed to be a nonprogrammed decision; primarily because of the complexity of the financial modeling, the obligation of implementing a well thought out decision-making model. Because the decision involves uncertainty and prediction for future events, the decision will and should involve group input. Split Board – Judgment Errors & Bias Mr. Aljas stated to our consulting firm that the Board of Directors, and some members of management, believe that the internal growth projections are overstated. Because of the differences in opinions, we expect a lengthy and potentially heated discussion regarding the best course of action. The circumstances will lend themselves to creating opportunities for judgment errors, individual and group bias to inhibit Estonian Air from making the most effective decision possible. These types of judgment errors could include aspects of (i) groupthink, (ii) group polarization, (iii) anchoring, and (iv) escalation of commitment. Problem Analysis Examining Nature of Decision Models There are three types of decision models including (i) Rationality, (ii) Bounded Rationality, and (iii) the Garbage Can Model. In the figure below, we show the spectrum of decisions extending from pure rationality on the left and the illogical Garbage Can model on the right. Rationality, by definition, is used in situations where a step-by-step logical approach is used to pick the best alternative. In these situations, we assume to know or have at our disposal all necessary information to make an informed decision. On the other hand, we have the Garbage Can model, which states that decisions are random. In the middle, we find something closer to the type of decision facing Estonian Air, which is the suggestion that there are limits to how rational a decision-maker can be. This is known as Bounded Rationality. There are always instances where we are limited to having all the necessary information for the decision. In such cases, we often do not have the ability to understand the complexity of the problem completely. We are then forced to make a decision that is the most optimal. This is known as a decision that satisfices the problem at hand. Understanding the nature of bounded rationality will help Estonian Air understand the context of the decision they are forced with and assist in the formulation of the decision process. Creating the Decision Process – Evaluating Results Estonian Air must quickly develop a decision and define a clear approach to addressing the problem. The following diagram outlines the basic steps in the decision process: Estonian Air Decision Process Identify Problem:Do we believe growth projections? Do we expand fleet or not? Establish Objective:The objective is to make a strategic decision to maximize profit and gain market share. More specifically, we have been given a WACC hurdle rate of 11.5% to consider for investments. The difficulty in this decision is the fact that the Board of Directors is split on the projections of economic growth. Gather Data:We will aid in constructing a financial model and TCO for various options. The model should consist of two areas: operating assumptions and macro-economic assumptions. We suggest in working with the operations crew to get credible operating assumptions. We also recommend constructing a model that is capable of inputting various growth rates so that the model can be stress tested for contingency purposes. The model should list options with each alternative case having an upside, midside, and downside scenario. Evaluate Alternatives:Evaluate alternatives and contingencies Decide on Solution:Make appropriate decision Implement:Implementation of Decision Feedback:Evaluate Results Follow up:Revisit final decision after implementation to ensure company is following protocol. Adjust as needed. Based on the above process, we have constructed the following table showing the scenario case analysis in terms of return on capital. Upside Case:20% Growth Rate Midside Case:10% Growth Rate Downside Case:-15% Growth Rate (Economic Recession) Estonian Air Case Analysis All decisions must meet the company’s required WACC hurdle rate of 11.5%, regardless of case selection. In the upside illustration, scenarios 1 and 5 offer the highest return on capital. Both involve the larger Boeing 737. In the midside case, the maximum return on capital is gained through scenario 5 which involves the combination of the Boeing 737 and the Bombardier Q400. The decision has a lower rate of return, but does have a lower volatility then scenario 1, which has the highest volatility ranking. Finally, in the event of an economic recession, all of the scenarios result in negative returns, but one solution, no fleet expansion at all, results in the less severe decline. If management believes that the economy will go into a recession, then scenario 4 will be the best course of action. Having developed the alternatives, it is clear that the key factors are the projections for growth. Because some of the Board members have opposing views on these internal growth projections, we anticipate that the decision selection portion of the process will include a lengthy and heated discussion. This could lend itself to unhealthy and unstructured decisions. Judgment Errors, Bias, and Individual and Group Decision Making We have constructed a model that is as effective as can be given what we know about the type of decision that we face. We have also identified that the main areas of contention within the model and in the decision process. Groupthink Irving Janis identified groupthink as â€Å"a deterioration of mental efficiency, reality testing, and moral judgment.† This concept describes the negative effects of group cohesion. When members of a group feel pressured into making a significant decision, groupthink often presents itself. Key group members may have influence over other members’ opinions and behaviors towards the decision-making process. Another viability for groupthink to occur is when a group consists of like-minded individuals. The similarities within the group will offer little room for an assortment of solutions. Diversity is important in the decision-making process because the most favorable option may be underlying and unapparent. Groupthink also occurs when members are forced to conclude a decision in a short time frame. This causes members to rush without seeking the most applicable possible number of alternatives. Pursuing outside help for decision-making is another option to decrease groupth ink. This may assist in decision-making because obtaining an outside member’s consolation may offer unbiased, helpful solutions. To prevent Estonian Air from falling into the defective concept of groupthink, we suggest that key decision-makers effectively listen and assess all options, while promoting synergy within the group before making a final decision. This may require mediators to be present when all alternatives are being evaluated. Another suggestion discussed in further detail later in the paper is to seek outside help. We suggest this because of the short time frame as well as the magnitude of the decision. Group Polarization Studies show that groups tend to make more extreme decisions than individuals would for the same predicament. This concept, known as group polarization, emerges from two notions, the social comparison approach, and the persuasive arguments view. The social comparison approach describes the idea that members in the group perceive their data to be more accurate and relevant than other members of the group. However, during the meeting, members realize their ideas are not what they originally perceived. The second notion, persuasive arguments view, details extreme decisions being made due to members of the group supporting other members’ preliminary thoughts of the subject. If not detected early, both explanations may cause radical movements with the decision-making process. To prevent Estonian Air from getting trapped into group polarization, we recommend for decision-makers to individually submit their best possible solutions before collaborating as a team. This will hopefully deplete the pressures of making disastrously extreme decisions. Bias #1 – Anchoring Often, when making a decision, groups or individuals will use what are known as heuristics. Heuristics are mental short cuts that help simplify complex decisions. One of the downsides to heuristics is that they can lead to judgment errors due to the bias and irrational logic. One of the heuristic traps that we perceive might affect Estonian Air is anchoring and adjustment. In this type of heuristic, initial information serves as an anchor, or starting point, to base future decisions. For example, with regards to Estonian Air, the past 3 years of growth and rising fuel prices may form the basis, or anchor, for which future predictions are based. Sometimes past performance is not necessarily indicative of future performance. Bias #2 – Escalation of Commitment In addition to anchoring, another bias or judgment error that could occur escalation of commitment. This occurs when there is an increased commitment to a course of action despite knowledge of contrary information. In this case, if Estonian Air has begun the mental preparation for fleet expansion and they firmly believe in their growth projections and continued positive outlook on the economy, there may be bias opinions to continue this course of action. We already know that the Board is concerned about the growth projections and possible economic contraction. If the managers are set on expansion, there may be a bias to continue despite warning signs about the economy. Management Recommendations In order to ensure that the company makes the most effective decision and avoids judgment errors and groupthink, we recommend that Estonian Air utilize one of the following techniques with regards to their discussion and debate regarding future growth projections. Technique Definition Benefit Brainstorming| Generate as many ideas as possible on a given subject| Could lead to greater creativity with regards to solutions – Promotes Creativity| Nominal Group Technique| Structured approach that focuses on generating alternatives and then choosing one| Good for generating alternatives – but decisions could still be influenced by groupthink or other judgment bias| Delphi Technique| Gathering judgments from experts| Very applicable to, Estonia – Seek outside 3rd Party experts on economics (i.e. investment banks, advisors, Economic development professionals) | Devil’s Advocacy| One person plays the role of critic to different points of view| Should help to prevent groupthink| Dialectical Inquiry| Debate between two opposing points| As there are two sides to the question at hand – this option could prove to be very helpful| In reviewing these different options, we recommend a combination of two techniques from above. We would advice Estonian Air to use the Delphi Technique, but notably by seeking advice from a 3rd Party expert. We suggest that Estonia pay for the service to dissuade unnecessary promoting of decision outcomes that directly benefit the person providing the advice. An example of this would be an investment bank advising on fleet expansion and offering advice to Estonian Air at no cost. This would be considered corruption in efforts to allow the investment bank to underwrite the securities and make a commission on the sale of the securities on the primary or secondary markets. We would also advise the Board of Directors to meet with management to perform a dialectal inquiry that strongly presents the position of both sides. We feel this would be advantageous because both sides would bring alternatives to the table and argue their reasoning. With this meeting, we would advise for a mediator to be present in the event that group polarization would need to be diminished. We feel that the combination of these two techniques, will aid Estonian Air in reaching an effective and satisfying decision. Conclusion Estonian Air faces a difficult and important strategic decision with regards to expand their fleet or not expand their fleet. What makes the decision difficult is uncertainty. We have identified the major variable in this decision as the validity of the internal growth projections, which are based off of assumptions regarding the overall health of the economy. We have formulated a systematic approach to the decision making process and have assisted the company in developing a detailed financial model to assist in this decision. We have recommended that Estonian Air focus on the issue of growth and have advised the management team and Board of Directors to engage in a healthy debate in order to reach an accurate decision. While doing this, we have identified that there may be several potential judgment errors and influencing bias, which might prevent Estonian Air from making the optimal decision. We believe that the use of one or more of the techniques outlined above could help to eli minate the probability of making a strategic error. Post Case Study Update on Estonian Air Following 2007, a major economic hit both the United States and Europe. Estonian Air had decided on a fleet expansion, as well as the addition of several new routes. The effects of the economic recession caused a massive drop in passengers and resulted in the insolvency of the airline. In 2010, the airline received a bailout from the Estonian government. The bailout effectively nationalized the airline further and wiped out nearly all of the private equity in the deal. In addition, a severe austerity plan was implemented that decreased the wages of pilots by over 30%. In the interim, Mr. Aljus became President of the airline around this time. Mr. Aljus resigned from his position in 2011. In 2012, the company experienced massive financial losses and had to lay off nearly half its staff. Through today, the economic troubles of the airline have continued. In March of 2013, another bailout was announced, along with the European Commission looking into previous bailouts as being illegal. The fleet was reduced from 13 to 10 aircrafts and is expected to decrease to 5 by 2015.

Senator Felix Grundy Of Kentucky - 976 Words

Senator Felix Grundy of Kentucky urged for war in his appeal to the Speaker in 1811 because he believed that the British were infringing on the maritime rights of Americans, suddenly and without reason. He believed it was a violation of personal liberty that the government should not stand for. On the opposition, Senator John Randolph of Virginia opposed the war and he did not believe Grundy s appeal. In his appeal to the Speaker in 1811, he said that the war was not for maritime rights, but for greed. He believed those in favor of the war saw land they could win from the war and wanted to claim it as their own. He states in his speech that he did not hear a call for rights, but a chant for Canadian lands. In the chance that I had been a part of the decision of going to war with Britain, I would have supported the war. Although nobody doubted British actions against American shipping as crimes, the motives of the War Hawks were continually questioned. The War Hawks are a group of you ng congressmen that were the new generation of political leaders. They are ardent nationalists that called for war with Britain. They spoke of defending honor against British insults and in support of the annexation of Canada and the conquest of Florida, which is owned by the British ally, Spain (Foner 242). Despite their concentration on practical goals, like the expansion of America, these young men upheld principles of free trade and wanted to liberate the United States from EuropeanShow MoreRelatedJohn K Polk And Western Expansion2495 Words   |  10 Pages(Seigenthaler p. 19.) â€Å"Growing up Jimmy was always sick, being constantly sick with the flu or cholera he grew up very weak. His health was problematic and in 1812 his pain became so unbearable that he was taken to Dr. Ephraim McDowell of Danville, Kentucky, who operated to remove urinary stones. Polk was awake during the operation with nothing but brandy available for anesthetic, but it was successful. The surgery may have left Polk sterile, as he did not sire any children Growing up† John K PolkRead MoreAmerican Spirit Volume I3787 Words   |  16 PagesSupremacy of the Constitution (1803) 203 B. The Louisiana Purchase 205 1. Thomas Jefferson Alerts Robert Livingston (1802) 205 2. Jefferson Stretches the Constitution to Buy Louisiana (1803) 206 3. Representative Roger Griswold Is Unhappy (1803) 207 4. Senator John Breckinridge Supports the Purchase (1803) 208 5. Lewis and Clark Meet a Grizzly (1805) 209 C. The Issue of SailorsRights 222 1. A Briton (James Stephen) Recommends Firmness (1805) 221 2. A Briton (Basil Hall) Urges Discretion (1804) 212 D. The